A Zookeeper forgot to close the gates to Osaka Zoo, and 40-50 animals have escaped to the nearby train station. Mary, searches for them on track A while the animals are on track B. All of a sudden, a highspeed Shinkansen (train) heading to track A emerges at 320 km/h. Person X, spots a nearby lever and knows for certain pulling the lever would result in the Shinkansen going through track B instead of track A. The Shinkansen passing through either track would mean that no one or no animal would be able to escape due to the high velocity of the train, and there are no alternative methods to divert or stop the train (including alerting the zookeeper or the animals).

Investigative journalism is a form of journalism in which reporters deeply investigate a single topic of interest, usually spending months if not years researching and preparing a report to be released to the masses. Any piece of investigative journalism that requires individual journalists to go to the grounds, and conduct their own investigation into high-profile individuals is usually risky as they can get hurt but help expose corruption scandals, match-fixing, gang operations, government cover-ups, and corporate wrongdoing.

A national budget is the proposal of revenues and expenditures a government expects for a given year - this means the government estimates how much it is going to spend on each sector of the economy, e.g. social welfare, repaying debt, military defence, investments, and many other economic sectors.

Refugees are people who have fled war, violence, conflict or persecution and have crossed an international border to find safety in another country. They often have had to flee with little more than the clothes on their back, leaving behind homes, possessions, jobs and loved ones. Refugees are defined and protected in international law. The 1951 Refugee Convention is a key legal document and defines a refugee as: “Someone who is unable or unwilling to return to their country of origin owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion.” By the end of 2017, there were 25.4 million refugee men, women and children registered across the world.

Nationalisation is the process of transforming privately owned assets into public assets by bringing them under the public ownership of a national government or state, e.g. buying out a large company, or procuring private land for public use. Companies or industries undergoing nationalisation would have to forego their previous corporate practices and follow government policies, scrutiny, and the government gets to decide the future of their growth direction.

1) Country Z operates in a closed economy and is disconnected from the rest of the world while operating in a relative dictatorship - no internet, no knowledge of other countries, or their existence along with all progress of mankind. Individuals in this country are told that their rulers are their creators, and significantly more powerful. In lieu of this, they are forbidden from creating their own tools, exploring, or living out of the norm.

There is only 1 family that rules the country and are the only one aware of the existence of the outside world. They import technology along with new inventions to demonstrate their elevated stature compared to the rest. In this family, the main dictator is the living parent, they have the most power and influence through the banking system, community leadership, and decision-making. The single child of the dictator is the general of the army.

2) A coup can be defined as a sudden takeover of power through force by a small group. It isn't necessary that every coup is successful, many fail because they are significantly weaker when compared to the ruling individual/government.